Male Factors in Repeated IVF Failure

Failure of IVF cycles typically refers to the situation where the couple is unable to conceive after two or more cycles of IVF that are done in the best possible manner and using quality embryos. Even when fertilization is possible, the embryos might not implant in the uterus or, in some instances, early pregnancy loss could occur. Very often, concealed male factors are the cause for such repeated failures.

Even if a routine semen analysis looks normal, deeper sperm-related problems can still lead to IVF failure. Advanced testing often detects issues that impact the development and implantation of embryos.

Some key male factors include: High sperm DNA fragmentation, poor sperm motility or morphology, low sperm count, genetic abnormalities, oxidative stress impacting sperm quality, and undetected infections or inflammation

These factors may result in miscarriage, low embryo quality, delayed embryo development, or unsuccessful implantation.

High sperm DNA fragmentation is commonly linked to:

Smoking and alcohol use

Varicocele

Chronic stress

Infections

Advanced male age

Exposure to heat or toxins

Testing for sperm DNA fragmentation is especially important in couples with repeated IVF failure.

Varicocele, an enlargement of veins in the scrotum, causes an increase in the temperature of the testes, resulting in testicular oxidative stress and poor quality of sperm. Surgery for varicocele can improve the chances of success of IVF in selected patients.

Similarly, infections of the genital tract may also affect the sperm and impair the rate of fertility and implantation. It is also imperative to get the right diagnosis and treatment before proceeding with another cycle for IVF.

Genetic anomalies in sperm cells, like chromosomal anomalies, may impair the development of the embryo or lead to failed implantations. Genetic analysis of the male sperm cells would be considered if the sperm anomalies are severe or if the IVF procedure has failed.

In certain cases, pre-implantation genetic testing, or PGT, of the embryo may be recommended to increase the potential for a healthy pregnancy.

A customised treatment plan is essential for patients in which male factors are involved in the failure of IVF cycles.

Easy lifestyle modifications can decrease oxidative stress and help promote healthy sperm:

Quit smoking, or cut down alcohol intake

Keep a healthy weight

Reduce Stress

Adhere to a balanced diet

Avoid excessive heat exposure

Antioxidant treatment of DNA damage

Hormonal therapy, as needed

Varicocele repair

Antibiotics for infections

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) for severe male infertility

Use of advanced sperm selection techniques

Surgical sperm retrieval from the testes when ejaculated sperm quality is poor

Repeated IVF failure does not mean there is no hope. Addressing male factors alongside female factors significantly improves success rates. A comprehensive evaluation of both partners, advanced diagnostics, and a tailored treatment plan are essential for achieving pregnancy.

One significant but sometimes overlooked cause of recurrent IVF failure is male factors. Many couples go on to have successful pregnancies with the appropriate diagnosis and focused therapy. Before trying another cycle, if you have had several IVF failures, speak with a fertility specialist at Vriksh Fertility about male infertility evaluation and treatment options.